What Karl Marx Can Teach Us About the Current State of Fashion
There’s something rotten in the state of fashion. The kingdom of dreams seems to no longer be capable of producing them. Instead it has swamped its subjects in the sea of overpriced premium mediocre stuff, causing fatigue and boredom. What does an umpteenth collab or a logoed tee mean today? Nothing.
But what does Marx’s theory have to do with fashion? It helps to unpack one of central concepts of Das Kapital, exchange value versus use value. Marx’s basic position is this: in the pre-capitalist economy, most things, including clothing, were produced by highly skilled artisans who were capable of crafting an object, let’s say a coat, from start to finish, and were also likely to sell the product of their labor directly; which means that they fully identified with their labor and were invested into everything they made. By nature of their production, they could not make very much, and many things they made was quite expensive, which in turn limited the consumer’s purchasing power. And so when the consumer did acquire an object, say the aforementioned coat, they would value it for its essential properties, such as protecting him from the elements, keeping him warm, and making him look presentable. Marx called this use value, the stuff that gave a coat its coatness, making that object real and concrete.